Contextually driven messaging system

ABSTRACT

A method may include receiving, by a computing device associated with a user, a message from an origination source and receiving, by the computing device, an audio input. The method may also include determining, by the computing device and based at least in part on the audio input and contextual information, a probability that the user intends to send a response message to the origination source. The method may further include, responsive to determining that the probability the user intends to send the response message to the origination source satisfies a threshold probability, determining, by the computing device, that the user intends to send the response message to the origination source. The method may also include, responsive to determining that the user intends to send the response message to the origination source, generating, by the computing device and based on the audio input, the response message, and sending, by the computing device, the response message to the origination source.

BACKGROUND

Some computing devices are configured with speech-to-text functionalityfor converting spoken language into written form. For example, acomputing device can be configured with speech-to-text functionalitythat can receive audio input (e.g. a user's voice) and determine textcontent (e.g., SMS message, email, device command, search query, etc.)based on the audio input. Some computing devices are configured withtext-to-speech functionality for converting written text to a spokenword. For example, a computing device can be configured withtext-to-speech functionality that can receive text content and outputaudio indicative of the text content.

A user may command a computing device to listen for audio input in orderfor the computing device to receive the audio input and convert theaudio input to text. The user may be required to confirm the contents ofthe message and command the computing device to send the message. Theuser may be required to go through these steps every time the userwishes to send a message.

Likewise, a computing device may receive a text communication and askthe user whether the user would like to hear the contents of thecommunication. The computing device may prompt the user beforeconverting the text to speech every time a text communication isreceived.

SUMMARY

In one example, a method may include receiving, by a computing deviceassociated with a user, a message from an origination source andreceiving, by the computing device, an audio input. The method mayinclude determining, by the computing device and based at least in parton the audio input and contextual information, a probability that theuser intends to send a response message to the origination source. Themethod may further include, responsive to determining that theprobability the user intends to send the response message to theorigination source satisfies a threshold probability, determining, bythe computing device, that the user intends to send the response messageto the origination source. The method may also include, responsive todetermining that the user intends to send the response message to theorigination source, generating, by the computing device and based on theaudio input, the response message, and sending, by the computing device,the response message to the origination source.

In another example, a device may include an audio output device, anaudio input device, a communication unit, and a message managementmodule operable by the at least one processor. The message managementmodule may receive, via the communication unit, a message from anorigination source. The message management module may also receive, viathe audio input device, an audio input. The message management modulemay further determine, based at least in part on the audio input andcontextual information, a probability that a user associated with thedevice intends to send a response message to the origination source. Themessage management module may, responsive to determining that theprobability the user intends to send the response message to theorigination source satisfies a threshold probability, determine, thatthe user intends to send the response message to the origination source.The message management module may also, responsive to determining thatthe user intends to send the response message to the origination source,generate, based on the audio input, the response message, and send, viathe communication unit, the response message to the origination source.

In another example, a computer-readable storage medium may includeinstructions that, when executed, configure one or more processors of acomputing system to receive a message from an origination source,receive an audio input, determine, based at least in part on the audioinput and contextual information, a probability that a user associatedwith the computing system intends to send a response message to theorigination source, and responsive to determining that the probabilitythe user intends to send the response message to the origination sourcesatisfies a threshold probability, determine that the user intends tosend the response message to the origination source. The instructions,when executed, further configure the one or more processors to,responsive to determining that the user intends to send the responsemessage to the origination source, generate, based on the audio input,the response message, and send the response message to the originationsource.

In another example, a method may include outputting, by a computingdevice associated with a user, an audio signal representing a textmessage from an origination source. The method may include receiving, bythe computing device, audio data representing an utterance from theuser. The method may also include, without any additional input from theuser, determining, by the computing device, a probability that the userintends to send a response based at least in part on the audio data andone or more of frequency of incoming messages from the originationsource, frequency of outgoing messages to the origination source, timesince the last received message from the origination source, or timesince the last sent message to the origination source. The method mayfurther include, responsive to determining that the probabilitysatisfies a threshold and without any additional input from the user,transmitting a transcription of at least part of the audio data to theorigination source.

The details of one or more examples are set forth in the accompanyingdrawings and the description below. Other features, objects, andadvantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the description anddrawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example system forsending and receiving text-based messages, in accordance with one ormore aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example computing deviceconfigured to send and receive text-based messages, in accordance withone or more aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3A-3H are conceptual diagrams illustrating an example operation ofthe computing device.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of the computingdevice.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of the computingdevice.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In general, techniques of this disclosure may enable a computing deviceto automatically determine that a user is engaged in a text mediatedconversation and facilitate the text mediated conversation. In someexamples, the computing device may automatically perform text-to-speechconversions on incoming communications and automatically performspeech-to-text conversions on outgoing communications. In variousinstances, techniques of this disclosure may enable a computing deviceto intelligently determine an intended recipient of an outgoingcommunication. A computing device may determine a probability that theuser intends to send a message to a particular recipient, and determinewhether to send a message to the particular recipient based on theprobability. In this way, rather than requiring the user to command thecomputing device to send a message and confirm the recipient andcontents of the message, techniques of this disclosure may enable thecomputing device to automatically detect the conversation andautomatically determine an intended recipient of an outgoingcommunication, which may reduce the amount of user interaction requiredfor the user to participate in the conversation.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating system 100 as an examplesystem for sending and receiving text-based messages, in accordance withone or more aspects of the present disclosure. System 100 includescomputing device 110, information server system (“ISS”) 160, andmessaging devices 115A-115N (collectively, “messaging devices 115”) thatare communicatively coupled via network 130.

Messaging devices 115 each represent a computing device, such as amobile phone, laptop computer, desktop computer, or any other type ofcomputing device configured to send and receive information via anetwork, such as network 130. Messaging devices 115 include text-basedmessaging applications for sending and receiving text-based messages,such as email, short message service (SMS), multi-media messagingservice (MMS), instant messages (IM), or other types of text-basedmessages. Messaging devices 115 constitute a group of messaging devicesfrom which respective users associated with messaging devices 115A-115Nmay send text-based messages to computing device 110 and receivetext-based messages from computing device 110.

Computing device 110 may represent a mobile device, such as a mobilephone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, computerized watch,computerized eyewear, computerized gloves, or any other type of portablecomputing device. Additional examples of computing device 110 includedesktop computers, televisions, personal digital assistants (PDA),portable gaming systems, media players, e-book readers, mobiletelevision platforms, automobile navigation and entertainment systems,or any other types of wearable and non-wearable computing devicesconfigured to send and receive information via a network, such asnetwork 130.

Computing device 110 includes a user interface device 112, a userinterface (UI) module 111, and a message management module (MMM) 120.Modules 111, 120 may perform operations described using software,hardware, firmware, or a mixture of hardware, software, and firmwareresiding in and/or executing at computing device 110. Computing device110 may execute modules 111, 120 with multiple processors or multipledevices. Computing device 110 may execute modules 111, 120 as virtualmachines executing on underlying hardware. Modules 111, 120 may executeas one or more services of an operating system or computing platform.Modules 111, 120 may execute as one or more executable programs at anapplication layer of a computing platform.

UID 112 of computing device 110 may function as respective input and/oroutput devices for computing device 110. UID 112 may be implementedusing various technologies. For instance, UID 112 may function as inputdevices using presence-sensitive input screens, such as resistivetouchscreens, surface acoustic wave touchscreens, capacitivetouchscreens, projective capacitance touchscreens, pressure sensitivescreens, acoustic pulse recognition touchscreens, or anotherpresence-sensitive display technology. In addition, UID 112 may includemicrophone technologies, infrared sensor technologies, or other inputdevice technology for use in receiving user input.

UID 112 may function as output (e.g., display) devices using any one ormore display devices, such as liquid crystal displays (LCD), dot matrixdisplays, light emitting diode (LED) displays, organic light-emittingdiode (OLED) displays, e-ink, or similar monochrome or color displayscapable of outputting visible information to a user of computing device110. In addition, UID 112 may include speaker technologies, hapticfeedback technologies, or other output device technology for use inoutputting information to a user.

UID 112 may each include respective presence-sensitive displays that mayreceive tactile input from a user of respective computing device 110.UID 112 may receive indications of tactile input by detecting one ormore gestures from a user (e.g., the user touching or pointing to one ormore locations of UID 112 with a finger or a stylus pen). UID 112 maypresent output to a user, for instance at respective presence-sensitivedisplays. UID 112 may present the output as respective graphical userinterfaces (e.g., user interface 114), which may be associated withfunctionality provided by computing device 110. For example, UID 112 maypresent various user interfaces (e.g., user interface 114) related totext-based messages or other features of computing platforms, operatingsystems, applications, and/or services executing at or accessible fromcomputing device 110 (e.g., electronic message applications, Internetbrowser applications, mobile or desktop operating systems, etc.). UID112 may output audio signals to a user, for instance using a speaker.For example, UID 112 may output audio signals indicative of the contentof a text-based message.

UI module 111 manages user interactions with UID 112 and othercomponents of computing device 110. UI module 111 may cause UID 112 tooutput a user interface, such as user interface 114 (or other exampleuser interfaces) for display, as a user of computing device 110 viewsoutput and/or provides input at UID 112. UI module 111 and UID 112 mayreceive one or more indications of input from users as the usersinteract with the user interfaces, at different times and when the usersand computing device 110 are at different locations. UI module 111 andUID 112 may interpret inputs detected at UID 112 and may relayinformation about the inputs detected at UID 112 to one or moreassociated platforms, operating systems, applications, and/or servicesexecuting at computing device 110, for example, to cause computingdevice 110 to perform functions.

UI module 111 may receive information and instructions from one or moreassociated platforms, operating systems, applications, and/or servicesexecuting at computing device 110 and/or one or more remote computingsystems, such as ISS 160. In addition, UI module 111 may act asintermediaries between the one or more associated platforms, operatingsystems, applications, and/or services executing at computing device110, various output devices of computing device 110 (e.g., speakers, LEDindicators, audio or electrostatic haptic output device, etc.) toproduce output (e.g., a graphic, a flash of light, a sound, a hapticresponse, etc.) with computing device 110.

ISS 160 represents any suitable remote computing system, such as one ormore desktop computers, laptop computers, mainframes, servers, cloudcomputing systems, etc. capable of sending and receiving informationboth to and from a network, such as network 130. ISS 160 hosts (or atleast provides access to) speech-to-text services for converting speechto text-based messages and text-to-speech services for convertingtext-based messages to audio data. In some examples, ISS 160 representsa cloud computing system that provides speech-to-text and text-to-speechservices through network 130 to one or more computing device 110 thataccess the speech-to-text and text-to-speech services via access to thecloud provided by ISS 160.

Network 130 represents any public or private communications network, forinstance, cellular, Wi-Fi, and/or other types of networks, fortransmitting data between computing systems, servers, and computingdevices. Network 130 may include one or more network hubs, networkswitches, network routers, or any other network equipment, that areoperatively inter-coupled thereby providing for the exchange ofinformation between ISS 160, computing device 110, and messaging devices115. Computing device 110, messaging devices 115, and ISS 160 maytransmit and receive data across network 130 using any suitablecommunication techniques.

ISS 160, computing device 110, and messaging devices 115 may each beoperatively coupled to network 130 using respective network links ISS160, computing device 110, and messaging devices 115 may be operativelycoupled to network 130 using a different network link. The linkscoupling ISS 160, computing device 110, and messaging devices to network130 may be Ethernet, ATM or other types of network connections, and suchconnections may be wireless and/or wired connections.

In accordance with techniques of this disclosure, system 100 mayautomatically detect the conversation and automatically determine anintended recipient of an outgoing communication. For example, one ormore messaging devices 115 may send a message to computing device 110via network 130. Computing device 110 receives the message and may, inresponse, output an indication of the message. Computing device 110 maydetermine whether to output a visual (e.g., graphical) or audioindication of the message. Computing device 110 may determine whether tooutput an indication of the message without any additional input (e.g.,audio or gesture-based input) from the user.

In response to determining to output an audio indication of the message,computing device 110 may convert the text-based message to audio dataindicative of the message by performing text-to-speech processing on themessage. In some examples, to convert the text-based message to audiodata, computing device 110 may send at least a portion of the message toISS 160 for text-to-speech processing. Text-to-speech module 164 of ISS160 may convert at least a portion of the message to audio data and ISS160 may send the audio data to computing device 110. In variousinstances, computing device 110 and ISS 160 may each performtext-to-speech processing on at least a portion of the message toconvert the text-based message to audio data indicative of the message.Computing device 110 may output the audio data via UID 112.

After computing device 110 outputs audio data indicative of the receivedmessage, computing device 110 may detect a user speaking (e.g., engagedin a conversation with another person, providing audio input tocomputing device 110, singing along with a song on the radio, etc.).Computing device 110 may receive audio data of the speech via UID 112and determine, based on the audio data, whether to send a text-basedresponse message. Computing device 110 may determine whether to send atext-based response message without any additional input (e.g., audio orgesture-based input) from the user.

If computing device 110 determines that the user intended to send aresponse message, computing device 110 may convert the audio data totext data indicative of the audio data by performing speech-to-textprocessing on the audio data. In some examples, computing device 110 maysend at least a portion of the audio data to ISS 160 for speech-to-textprocessing. Speech-to-text module 162 may convert at least a portion ofthe audio data to text data and ISS 160 may send the text data tocomputing device 110. In some examples, computing device 110 and ISS 160may both perform speech-to-text processing on at least a portion of theaudio data and convert the audio data to text data indicative of theaudio data. Computing device 110 may generate a text-based responsemessage using the text data. Computing device 110 may send the responsemessage to a particular messaging device 115.

Computing device 110 may receive a text-based message from messagingdevice 115A. Messaging device 115A may be associated with a contact in acontact list of computing device 115 (e.g., Aaron). Computing device 110may output a graphical indication of the message via UI 114. Forexample, computing device 110 may cause UI 114 to output the message“Incoming message from Aaron: ‘Are you coming to Jimmy's tonight?’”Likewise, computing device 110 may receive a text-based message from asecond messaging device 115B, which may be associated with a contact ina contact list for computing device 110 (e.g., Jimmy). Computing device110 may cause UI 114 to output the message “Incoming message from Jimmy:‘Are you coming to tonight?’”

In some examples, MMM 120 may determine to output an audio indication ofthe received messages. In some examples, MMM 120 determines whether tooutput an audio indication of the message without any additional inputfrom the user. In response to determining to output an audio indicationof the first message, computing device 110 may cause UID 112 (e.g., aspeaker) to output the audio data “Incoming message from Aaron: ‘Are youcoming to Jimmy's tonight?’” In response to determining to output anaudio indication of the second message, computing device 110 may causeUID 112 (e.g., a speaker) to output the audio data “Incoming messagefrom Jimmy: ‘Are you coming to tonight?’”

After computing device 110 outputs the audio data indicative of thefirst received message and/or the second received message, a user ofcomputing device 110 may speak a response. For example, the user mayrespond to the first received message by saying “Yes.” Computing device110 may detect the user's response and may receive audio data indicativeof the response via UID 112 (e.g., a microphone). MMM 120 may determinewhether to send a text-based response message to messaging device 115A.In some examples, MMM 120 may make the determination whether to send aresponse message without any additional input from the user. In responseto determining to send a response message to messaging device 115A,computing device 110 may generate a text-based response message based onthe audio data. Computing device 110 may send the response message tomessaging device 115A. In some examples, computing device 110 may outputa visual or audio indication that the response message has been sent.For example, computing device may output the audio data “Message sent toAaron.”

A user of computing device 110 may respond to the second receivedmessage, for example, by saying “Yes.” Computing device 110 may detectthe user's response and MMM 120 may determine whether to send atext-based response message to one or both of messaging devices 115A,115B. In some examples, MMM 120 may make the determination without anyadditional input from the user. In some examples, MMM 120 may determineto send a response message to only one messaging device (e.g., messagingdevice 115B). Computing device 110 may generate a text-based responsemessage based on the audio data. Computing device 110 may send theresponse message to messaging device 115B. In some examples, computingdevice 110 may output a visual or audio indication that the responsemessage has been sent. For example, computing device may output theaudio data “Message sent to Jimmy.”

Techniques of this disclosure may simplify and speed up the exchange oftext-based messages. By automatically determining whether a user isengaged in a text-based conversation, techniques of this disclosure mayreduce or eliminate cumbersome and time-consuming prompts, voiceconfirmations, and touch inputs that would otherwise be required to senda text-based message or listen to a received text-based message.Techniques of this disclosure may enable a computing device toefficiently process communications, transforming the conversation from alaborious, transaction-oriented approach to a more naturalconversational approach.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example computing deviceconfigured to send and receive text-based messages. Computing device 210of FIG. 2 is described below within the context of FIG. 1. FIG. 2illustrates only one particular example of computing device 210, andmany other examples of computing device 210 may be used in otherinstances. Other examples of computing device 210 may include a subsetof the components included in example computing device 210 or mayinclude additional components not shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in the example of FIG. 2, computing device 210 includes userinterface device (UID) 212, one or more processors 240, one or moreinput devices 242, one or more communication units 244, one or moreoutput devices 246, and one or more storage devices 248. Storage device248 of computing device 210 also includes message management module 220.MMM 220 may include application modules 222A-222N (collectively referredto as “application modules 222”), speech-to-text module 224,text-to-speech module 226, and conversation management module (CMM) 228.One or more communication channels 250 may interconnect each of thecomponents 212, 240, 242, 244, 246, and 248 for inter-componentcommunications (physically, communicatively, and/or operatively). Insome examples, communication channels 250 may include a system bus, anetwork connection, an inter-process communication data structure, orany other technique for communicating data.

One or more input devices 242 of computing device 210 may receive input.Examples of input are tactile, motion, audio, and video input. Inputdevices 242 of computing device 210, in one example, includes apresence-sensitive display 213, touch-sensitive screen, mouse, keyboard,voice responsive system, video camera, microphone (e.g., microphone243), or any other type of device for detecting input from a human ormachine.

One or more output devices 246 of computing device 210 may generateoutput. Examples of output are tactile, audio, electromagnetic, andvideo output. Output devices 246 of computing device 210, in oneexample, includes a presence-sensitive display, speaker (e.g., speaker247), cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor, liquid crystal display (LCD),motor, actuator, electromagnet, piezoelectric sensor, or any other typeof device for generating output to a human or machine. Output devices246 may utilize one or more of a sound card or video graphics adaptercard to produce auditory or visual output, respectively.

One or more communication units 244 of computing device 210 maycommunicate with external devices via one or more networks bytransmitting and/or receiving network signals on the one or morenetworks. Communication units 244 may connect to any public or privatecommunication network. For example, computing device 210 may usecommunication unit 244 to transmit and/or receive radio signals on aradio network such as a cellular radio network. Likewise, communicationunits 244 may transmit and/or receive satellite signals on a GlobalNavigation Satellite System (GNSS) network such as the GlobalPositioning System (GPS). Examples of communication unit 244 include anetwork interface card (e.g., an Ethernet card), an optical transceiver,a radio frequency transceiver, a GPS receiver, or any other type ofdevice that can send or receive information. Other examples ofcommunication units 244 may include short wave radios, cellular dataradios, wireless Ethernet network radios (e.g., WiFi), as well asuniversal serial bus (USB) controllers.

One or more storage devices 248 within computing device 210 may storeinformation for processing during operation of computing device 210. Insome examples, storage device 248 functions as a temporary memory,meaning that storage device 248 is not used for long-term storage.Storage devices 248 on computing device 210 may be configured forshort-term storage of information as volatile memory and therefore notretain stored contents if powered off. Examples of volatile memoriesinclude random access memories (RAM), dynamic random access memories(DRAM), static random access memories (SRAM), and other forms ofvolatile memories known in the art.

Storage devices 248, in some examples, also include one or morecomputer-readable storage media. Storage devices 248 may be configuredto store larger amounts of information than volatile memory. Storagedevices 248 may further be configured for long-term storage ofinformation as non-volatile memory space and retain information afterpower on/off cycles. Examples of non-volatile memories include magnetichard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms ofelectrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable andprogrammable (EEPROM) memories. Storage devices 248 may store programinstructions and/or data associated with modules 220, 222, 224, 226, and228.

One or more processors 240 may implement functionality and/or executeinstructions within computing device 210. For example, processors 240 oncomputing device 210 may receive and execute instructions stored bystorage devices 248 that execute the functionality of message managementmodule 220, application modules 222, speech-to-text module 224,text-to-speech module 226, and CMM 228. These instructions executed byprocessors 240 may cause computing device 210 to store informationwithin storage devices 248 during program execution. Processors 240 mayexecute instructions in modules 220, 222, 224, 226, and 228 to convertan audio input to text and send a text-based message based on the audioinput, or to convert a text-based message to speech and output an audiooutput based on the text-based message. That is, modules 220, 222, 224,226, and 228 may be operable by processors 240 to perform variousactions, including converting received audio data and sending thetranscribed data to a remote device, and converting received text datato audio data and outputting the audio data.

Application modules 222 may include any other application that computingdevice 210 may execute in addition to the other modules specificallydescribed in this disclosure. For example, application modules 222 mayinclude messaging applications (e.g., email, SMS, MMS, IM, or othertext-based messaging applications), a web browser, a media player, afile system, a map program, or any other number of applications orfeatures that computing device 210 may include.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, computing device210 may determine a probability that the user intends to listen to anaudio message indicative of a received text-based message. Computingdevice 210 may receive a text-based message via communication unit 244.CMM 228 may determine whether to output an audio indication of themessage based on a probability that the user intends to listen to anaudio version of the message.

CMM 228 may determine the probability that a user of computing device110 intends to listen to an audio version of a text-based message basedon contextual information. Contextual information may include thefrequency of incoming messages from a particular messaging device 115(e.g., messaging device 115A), frequency of outgoing messages tomessaging device 115A, elapsed time since the last received message frommessaging device 115A, elapsed time since the last sent message tomessaging device 115A, as non-limiting examples. For example, the userof computing device 210 may exchange frequent SMS messages withmessaging device 115A over a predefined period of time. Due to thefrequency of SMS messages between the user and messaging device 115A,CMM 228 may determine that there is a high probability the user intendsto listen to an audio version of the message. The user of computingdevice 210 may exchange sporadic SMS messages with a different one ofmessaging devices 115 (e.g., messaging device 115N) over a predefinedperiod of time. Based on the sporadic message exchange with messagingdevice 115N, CMM 228 may determine that there is a low probability theuser intends to listen to an audio version of the message from messagingdevice 115N.

The contextual information used to determine the probability may alsoinclude one or more of the user's location, a time of day, calendarentries of a calendar of the user, whether a message is sent to (orreceived from) a contact in the user's contact list, or whether the userrecently engaged in a phone conversation with a user of a particularmessaging device 115. In some examples, the contextual information mayalso include one or more of actions taken by the user, such as using anapplication (e.g., using an internet browser, playing music, usingnavigation, taking a photo, etc.), muting computing device 210, sendingor receiving a voice message (e.g., a phone call or video chat), sendingor receiving a text-based message, speaking a command to computingdevice 210, or any other actions that may indicate whether a user ofcomputing device 220 intends to listen to an audio version of a receivedtext-based message.

CMM 228 may determine the probability that the user intends listen to areceived message based on one type of contextual information. Forexample, if the user starts playing music on computing device 210, CMM228 may determine that the probability the user intends listen to amessage is low. In some examples, CMM 228 may determine the probabilitythat the user intends to listen to a message based on more than one typeof contextual information. For example, CMM 228 may determine that theprobability the user intends to listen to a received message based onwhether the sender is in the user's contact list and the user hasexchanged a certain number of messages within a given time period.

In some examples, CMM 228 may consider types of contextual informationindependently. For example, if CMM 228 determines the probability thatthe user intends to listen to an audio version of the message based onfrequency of incoming messages from messaging device 115 and whether athird-party associated with the messaging device 115 is in the user'scontact list, CMM 228 may determine a higher probability if thefrequency of incoming message satisfies a threshold or if thethird-party is in the user's contact list. However, in some examples,CMM 228 may determine the probability on a weighted basis. For example,CMM 228 may determine a high probability even if the frequency ofmessages is low but the third-party sending and/or receiving messages isin the user's contact list. In contrast, in some examples, CMM 228 maydetermine a low probability despite a high frequency of message if thethird-party sending and/or receiving message is not in the user'scontact list.

CMM 228 may determine whether the user intends to listen to an audioversion of a received message by comparing the probability that the userintends to listen to the message to a threshold probability. In someexamples, CMM 228 may compare the probability that the user intends tolisten to the message to different threshold probabilities. Each of thedifferent threshold probabilities may correspond to a differentconversation state, and CMM may take different actions depending on theconversation state.

CMM 228 may determine a conversation state between a user of computingdevice 210 and messaging device 115 based on the probability that theuser intends to listen to a received text-based message. For example,CMM 228 may determine that the user is not engaged in a conversationwith a user of messaging device 115, hereafter called a “rest state.” Insome examples, CMM 228 may determine that a user is modestly engaged inconversation with a user of messaging device 115, hereafter called a“recent state.” Further, in some examples, CMM 228 may determine that auser in deeply engaged in conversation with a user of messaging device115, hereafter called an “active state.”

In some examples, CMM 228 may determine a conversation state between theuser of computing device 210 and a particular messaging device 115 on anindividual basis. In other words, the conversation state between theuser and a first messaging device 115 may be different than theconversation state between the user and a second messaging device 115.For example, CMM 228 may determine that a conversation between the userand a particular messaging device 115 is in a recent state and that aconversation between the user and a different messaging device 115 is inan active state. In some examples, CMM 228 may determine theconversation state between the user of computing device 210 and aparticular group of messaging devices 115 on a group basis. For example,computing device 210 may determine that the conversation state betweenthe user of computing device 210 and a group of messaging devices 115(e.g., contacts involved in a group message) so that the conversationstate is the same for all members of the group. In some examples,conversation management module may determine a conversation statebetween the user of computing device 210 and all contacts on a globalbasis. For example, CMM 228 may determine that the conversation state isa rest state for all conversations (e.g., the user may set computingdevice 210 in a “do not disturb mode”).

CMM 228 may determine that the conversation state is in an active stateif the probability that the user intends to listen to an audio versionof a received message satisfies a first threshold probability and asecond threshold probability (e.g., the probability is greater than boththe first threshold probability and the second threshold probability. IfCMM 228 determines that the conversation is in an active state, the usermay not be required to give any commands to send or listen to a message.For example, in an active state, the user may receive a message from aparticular messaging device 115 and computing device 210 may performtext-to-speech processing on the received message without outputting anyrequests for instructions to the user. Text-to-speech (TTS) module 226may convert the message to audio data, and computing device 210 mayoutput the audio data via speaker 247.

CMM 228 may determine that the conversation state is in a recent stateif the probability that the user intends to listen to an audio versionof a received message does not satisfy a first threshold probability butdoes satisfy a second threshold probability (e.g., the probability isbetween a first threshold probability and the second thresholdprobability). If the conversation state is in a recent state, the usermay only be required to give minor commands to send or listen to amessage. In some examples, in a recent state, TTS module 226 may performtext-to-speech processing on the message to convert the audio data totext data. Computing device 210 may output the audio data with lightmessage context, such as the name of the sender. For example, ifcomputing device 210 receives an SMS, TTS module 226 may convert thetext-based message to an audio output such that computing device outputsmessage context “Jimmy said” and the audio data “Hey buddy. Where areyou going tonight?”

CMM 228 may determine that the conversation state is in a rest state ifthe probability that the user intends to listen to an audio version of areceived message does not satisfy either threshold probability (e.g.,the probability is less than both the first threshold probability andthe second threshold probability). If CMM 228 determines that theconversation state is a rest state, the user may be required to takeaction to send a message or listen to a received message. Computingdevice 210 may output a request for additional instructions from theuser. For example, in a rest state, computing device 210 may receive atext-based message from a particular messaging device 115 and computingdevice 210 may output audio asking whether the user would like to listento the message. For example, computing device 210 may output the audiomessage “Message received from Jimmy. Would you like to hear themessage?”

CMM 228 may determine the conversation state based on the probabilitythat the user intends to listen to a received text-based message. Insome examples, CMM 228 may determine the conversation state based on theprobability that the user intends to send a message.

In some examples, a user of computing device 210 may speak a message.Computing device 210 may receive the audio input from the user viamicrophone 243. CMM 228 may determine a probability that the userintends to send a text-based message to a particular messaging device115. The probability that the user intends to send a message may bebased on contextual information, such as the contextual information usedto determine whether the user intends to listen to an audio version of areceived text-based message. As an additional example, contextualinformation may include the affirmativeness or strength of a commandgiven by the user to computing device 210. For example a command to“text Jimmy” may be less affirmative than a command to “talk withJimmy,” such that the former command may indicate a lower probabilitythan the latter command.

CMM 228 may determine whether the user intends to send message bycomparing the probability that the user intends to send a message to athreshold probability. In some examples, CMM 228 may compare theprobability that the user intends to listen to the message to differentthreshold probabilities. Each of the different threshold probabilitiesmay correspond to a different conversation state, and CMM may takedifferent actions depending on the conversation state.

In some examples, CMM 228 may determine that the conversation is in anactive state. In an active state, the user may send a message by sayingaloud the message that the user wishes to send, without any commandssuch as “tell,” “text,” “send,” or any other commands. For example, theuser may say “I will be there in five minutes” without specificallystating “send a message to Jimmy.” Computing device 210 may receiveaudio data from a user. Speech-to-text module 224 may performspeech-to-text (STT) processing on the audio data and convert the audiodata to text data. CMM 228 may generate a text-based message based onthe text data, and computing device 210 may automatically send themessage to a particular messaging device 115 (e.g., a messaging device115 associated with Jimmy).

If CMM 228 determines that the conversation state is in a recent state,the user may be able to send a message to a particular messaging device115 with minimal commands. For example, the user may speak a messageincluding a message command (e.g., “tell,” “text,” “send”) and messagecontent (“I will be there in five minutes.”). Computing device 210 mayreceive the message command and message content via microphone 243. STTmodule 224 may convert the audio input to text data. CMM 228 maygenerate a text-based message based on the text data such thatcommunication module 244 may send a text-based message (where themessage states “I will be there in five minutes”) without the userconfirming either the contents of the message or the user's intent tosend the message.

In some examples, CMM 228 may determine that the conversation is in arest state. If computing device 210 receives an audio input from a userwhen a conversation is in a rest state, computing device 210 may outputa request for additional information from the user. For example, in arest state, computing device 210 may output a message asking the user toconfirm whether the user would like to send a message. Computing device210 may receive an audio input confirming the user's intent to send amessage and may receive an audio input indicative of a message to besent. STT module 224 may perform speech-to-text processing on the audioinput and convert the audio data to text data. CMM 228 may generate atext-based message based on the text data and computing device 210 maysend the message to a particular messaging device 115.

Computing device 210 may provide a visual or audible indication of theconversation state to the user. For example, computing device 210 mayindicate the conversation status to the user via aural signals (e.g., aseries of beeps or text-to-speech notices). In some examples, computingdevice 210 may indicate the conversation status to the user via a visualnotification (e.g., a status icon displayed on screen 114).

CMM 228 may determine different conversation states for incomingmessages compared to outgoing messages. For example, CMM 228 maydetermine a high probability that the user intends to listen to receivedmessages from a particular messaging device 115. However, CMM 228 maydetermine that probability the user intends to send a message is lessthan the probability the user intends to listen to a received message.As a result, in some examples, computing device 210 may automaticallyoutput an audio version of a received message but may output a requestfor additional instructions from the user before sending an outgoingmessage.

FIGS. 3A-3H are conceptual diagrams illustrating an example operation ofcomputing device 210. Computing device 210 may receive a text-basedmessage from an origination source. CMM 228 may determine a probabilitythat the user of computing device 210 intends listen to the receivedmessage. CMM 228 may determine the probability based on one or moretypes of contextual information. For example, if the contextualinformation includes the frequency of incoming messages from theorigination source and the frequency of incoming messages is low, CMM228 may determine that the probability the user intends to listen doesnot satisfy a threshold probability. As a result, CMM 228 may determinethat the conversation is in a rest state. Computing device 210 mayoutput a message to notify the user of the incoming message (FIG. 3A).For example, computing device 210 may output a message that asks whetherthe user would like to hear the message. In some examples, the user mayconfirm his or her intent to listen to the message by saying “yes,”“read the message,” “ok,” or any other response that indicates the userwould like to hear the message.

Computing device 210 may receive audio data from the user via microphone243 indicating that the user would like to hear the contents of themessage. TTS module 226 may perform text-to-speech processing on thereceived text-based message and convert the text data to audio data. Inresponse to receiving a command from the user, computing device 210 mayoutput the audio data indicative of the contents of the text-basedmessage (FIG. 3B). Because CMM 228 determined that the conversationstate is in a rest state, computing device may output message context,such as the name of the contact that sent the message. For example,computing device 210 may output the message context (e.g., “Jimmy said”)followed by the audio data (e.g., “Hey Buddy! Where are you goingtonight?”). In some examples, after outputting the audio data, computingdevice 210 may output a request for additional commands from the user.

In some examples, the user may command computing device 210 to send aresponse message to the origination source. For example, the user maysay “reply,” “tell Jimmy,” or any other words that indicate the userwould like to send a response message to the origination source.Microphone 243 of computing device 210 may receive the audio inputspoken by the user. CMM 228 may determine that probability that the userintends to send a response message to the origination source. In someexamples, if computing device 210 has received only one text-basedmessage from the origination source and the user gives a command toreply to the message, CMM 228 may determine that the probability theuser intends to send a response message does not satisfy a thresholdprobability and that the conversation is still in a rest state. As aresult, computing device 210 may output a request for a response message(FIG. 3C). Computing device 210 may receive the response message as anaudio input via microphone 243. STT module 224 may performspeech-to-text processing on the audio input and convert the audio datato text data. Since the conversation state is still in a rest state,computing device 210 may output a request for the user to confirmwhether to send the response message (FIG. 3D). In some examples,computing device 210 may send the response message to the originationsource and output a message to confirm to the user that the responsemessage was sent (FIG. 3E).

As shown in FIG. 3F, the origination source may send a second text-basedmessage to the user. CMM 228 may determine that the probability that theuser intends to listen to the received message has increased based oncontextual information (e.g., an increase in the frequency of messagebetween the user and the origination source). CMM 228 may determine thatthe probability the user intends to listen to the message satisfies afirst threshold probability but does not satisfy a second thresholdprobability (e.g., the probability that the user intends to listen tothe message is between a first threshold probability and a secondthreshold probability). As a result, CMM 228 may determine that theconversation between the user and the origination source in a recentstate. In a recent state, TTS module 226 may perform text-to-speechprocessing on the received message and convert the text data to audiodata. Computing device 210 may output the text data automatically. Forexample, computing device 210 may output message context (e.g., “Jimmysaid”) followed by the audio data (e.g., “will you bring some snacks?”).

In some examples, the user may respond to the message from theorigination source by speaking a response message. Computing device 210may receive the audio data corresponding to the user's response messagevia microphone 243. For example, the user might say “Tell Jimmy I'llbring cookies.” CMM 228 may determine that the response includes acommand to send a message (e.g., “Tell Jimmy). CMM 228 may determinethat the probability the user intends to send a message satisfies afirst threshold probability because the message includes a command, butdoes not satisfy a second threshold probability. As a result, CMM 228may determine that the conversation between the user and the originationsource is in a recent state. STT module 226 may perform speech-to-textprocessing on the received audio data and convert the audio data to textdata. CMM 228 may generate a text-based response message based on thetext data and computing device 210 may send the text-based responsemessage to the origination source.

Computing device 210 may receive a third incoming message from theorigination source and CMM 228 may determine the probability that theuser intends to listen to the received message. For example, based onthe frequency of messages exchanged between the user and the originationsource, CMM 228 may determine that the probability the user intends tolisten to the message satisfies a threshold probability, such that theconversation is in an active state. TTS module 226 may convert the textdata to audio data. Computing device 210 may automatically output theaudio data (e.g., “Sweet, I'll see you soon!) (FIG. 3H).

For subsequent messages between the user and the origination source, CMM228 may determine the probability that the user intends to send amessage or listen to a received message. If CMM 228 determines that theconversation state has changed, computing device 210 may output promptsand message contextual in accordance with the respective conversationstates, as described above.

In some examples, a user may initiate a text-based conversation with aparticular messaging device 115. The user may initiate the conversationwith a physical input on computing device 210 (e.g., by pressing onpresence-sensitive display 5) or by speaking a voice command. Computingdevice 210 may receive the voice command in the form of audio input viamicrophone 243. CMM 228 may determine the probability that the userintends to send a text-based message based on the voice command andother contextual information. For example, the user may say “Text Jimmy”such that CMM 228 may determine the probability that the user intends tosend a message to the recipient (e.g., Jimmy) and a correspondingconversation state. The probability that the user intends to send amessage and the corresponding conversation state may depend on theaffirmativeness of the initial command. For example, if the user says“Text Jimmy,” CMM 228 may determine one probability, but if the usersays “Talk to Jimmy,” CMM 228 may determine another probability. CMM 228may determine that the probability the user intends to send a message tothe recipient is greater than a first threshold probability but lessthan a second threshold probability if the user says “Text Jimmy.”However, CMM 228 may determine that the probability the user intends tosend a message to the recipient is greater than both the first thresholdprobability and the second threshold probability if the user says “Talkto Jimmy.” As a result, CMM 228 may determine different conversationstates depending upon the affirmativeness of the received command.

In some examples, CMM 228 may determine that a conversation has ended(i.e., the probability the user intends to listen to a message is verylow) based on explicit actions or commands by the user. For example, theuser may press a button on computing device 210 (e.g., onpresence-sensitive display 5) to end the conversation. In some examples,CMM 228 may determine that a conversation has ended based on one or moretypes of contextual information, such as the contents of a message. Forexample, the user may say “Goodbye” or “End the conversation.” If CMM228 determines the conversation has ended, computing device 210 mayrequire a full set of commands and confirmations from the user in orderto send additional messages or listen to received messages.

In some examples, CMM 228 may determine that the probability that theuser intends to send a message or listen to a message has gone from low(i.e., the conversation state is a rest state) to high (i.e., theconversation state is an active state), or vice versa, without passingthrough a middle range. In other words, the conversation state may skipover the recent state if the probability increases or decreasessuddenly.

CMM 228 may determine a temporary or transient conversation state. Forexample, the user may initiate a brief conversation (i.e., theconversation is temporarily in an active state) with a particularmessaging device 115 by pressing on the contact information associatedwith the messaging device 115 for a specified time, or by displaying thecontact information associated with the messaging device on screen 114.In some examples, CMM 228 may determine that the conversation remains inthe temporary state for a specified time period or as long as thecontact information is displayed.

In some examples, a user may become engaged in multiple conversationswith different messaging devices 115. For example, computing device 210may receive a message from a first messaging device 115 and a messagefrom a second messaging device 115. In response to receiving audio datafrom the user, CMM 228 may determine the probability that the userintends to send a message to a first messaging device 115 and theprobability that the user intends to send a message to a secondmessaging device 115. In some examples, CMM 228 may analyze the contentsof the audio data and determine whether the contents of the audio dataare more relevant to the conversation with the first messaging device orthe second messaging device.

CMM 228 may determine which messaging device 115 should receive themessage by comparing the probability that the user intends to send amessage to the first messaging device 115 to the probability that theuser intends to send a message to a second messaging device 115, anddetermining which probability is greater. For example, if theprobability that the user intends to send the message to the firstmessaging device 115 is greater than the probability that the userintends to send the message to the second messaging device 115, CMM 228may determine that the user intends to send the message to the firstmessaging device 115.

In some examples, CMM 228 may determine which messaging device 115should receive the message by comparing the probability that the userintends to send a message to the first messaging device 115 to theprobability that the user intends to send a message to the secondmessaging device 115, and comparing each probability to a thresholdprobability. For example, if the probability that the user intends tosend a message to the first messaging device 115 satisfies a thresholdprobability and the probability that the user intends to send a messageto the second messaging device 115 satisfies a threshold probability,CMM 228 may determine that the user intends to send the message to themessaging device 115 associated with the higher probability.

In some examples, CMM 228 may compare the probability that the userintends to send the message to the first messaging device 115 to athreshold probability and compare the probability that the user intendsto send the message to the second messaging device 115 to the thresholdprobability. For example, if CMM 228 determines the probability the userintends to send a message to the first messaging device 115 satisfies athreshold probability and the probability that the user intends to senda message to the second messaging device 115 satisfies a thresholdprobability, CMM 228 may determine that computing device 210 should sendthe message to both the first and second messaging devices 115. However,if the probability that the user intends to send a message to a firstmessaging device 115 satisfies a threshold probability and theprobability that the user intends to send a message to the secondmessaging device 115 satisfies a threshold probability, computing device210 may output a request for the user to confirm which messaging device115 should receive the outgoing message.

If the probability that the user intends to send the message to thefirst messaging device 115 does not exceed a threshold probability andthe probability that the user intends to send the message to the secondmessaging device 115 does not exceed a threshold probability, in someexamples, CMM 228 may output a request for the user to confirm whetherto send a message. CMM 228 may also output a request for the user toconfirm which messaging device 115 should receive the message.

In some examples, the threshold probability for sending a message maychange when the user is engaged in multiple conversations. For example,the threshold probability for sending a message in the active state maybe a first threshold probability when the user is engaged in only oneconversation. However, the threshold probability for sending a messagein the active state may increase to a second threshold probability whenthe user is engaged in more than one conversation (i.e., when there isat least one other conversation that is not in a rest state).

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of computingdevice 210. In some examples, computing device 210 may receive atext-based message from an origination source (400). The text-basedmessage may include an email, instant message, SMS, or other type oftext-based message. CMM 228 may determine the probability that the userintends to listen to an audio version of the message and may compare theprobability to a threshold probability. In some examples, TTS module 226may perform text-to-speech processing on the received message andconvert the text data to audio data. Computing device 210 may output theaudio data.

Computing device 210 may receive an audio input (410). For example, theuser may say a message that is received by microphone 243 of computingdevice 210. CMM 228 may determine the probability that the user intendsto send a response message to the origination source (420). Theprobability that the user intends to send a response message to theorigination source may be based on explicit commands or contextualinformation. For example, contextual information may include thefrequency of messages sent to, and received by, the origination source.CMM 228 may determine whether the probability that the user intends tosend a response message to the origination source satisfies a thresholdprobability. CMM 228 may determine a conversation state (e.g., reststate, recent state, or active state) by comparing the probability thatthe user intends to send a response message to a first thresholdprobability and a second threshold probability.

In response to determining that the probability the user intends to senda response message satisfies a threshold probability, computing device210 may generate the response message based on the audio input (430).For example, computing device 210 may perform speech-to-text processingon the audio input and convert the audio data to text data. CMM 228 maygenerate a text-based response message based on the text data. Computingdevice 210 may send the response message to the origination source(440).

In some examples, a method may include outputting, by a computing deviceassociated with a user, an audio signal representing a text message froman origination source. The method may include receiving, by thecomputing device, audio data representing an utterance from the user.The method may also include, without any additional input (e.g., audioor gesture-based input) from the user, determining, by the computingdevice, a probability that the user intends to send a response based atleast in part on the audio data and one or more of frequency of incomingmessages from the origination source, frequency of outgoing messages tothe origination source, time since the last received message from theorigination source, or time since the last sent message to theorigination source. The method may further include, responsive todetermining that the probability satisfies a threshold and without anyadditional input (e.g., audio or gesture-based input) from the user,transmitting a transcription of at least part of the audio data to theorigination source.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of the computingdevice 210. In some examples, a user may become engaged in multipleconversations with different origination sources. For example, computingdevice 210 may receive a text-based message from a first originationsource (i.e., a first messaging device 115) (500). Computing device mayreceive a text-based message from a second origination source (i.e., asecond messaging device 115) (510). The text-based message from thefirst origination source and the text-based message from the secondorigination source may include different types of messages. For example,the text-based message from the first origination source may include anSMS message and the text-based message from the second originationsource may include an instant message. CMM 228 may determine aprobability that the user intends to listen to an audio version of themessage from the first origination source. CMM 228 may compare theprobability that the user intends to listen to the audio version of themessage to a threshold probability. In response to determining that theprobability the user intends to listen to an audio version of themessage satisfies a threshold probability, TTS module 226 may convertthe text data to audio data and computing device 210 may output theaudio data. Likewise, computing device 210 may determine a probabilitythat the user intends to listen to an audio version of the message fromthe second origination source, compare the probability to a thresholdprobability. In response to determining that the probability satisfies athreshold probability, computing device 210 may convert the text data toaudio data and output the audio data.

Computing device 210 may receive an audio input (510). For example,after computing device 210 receives the message from the firstorigination source and the message from the second origination source,the user may speak a message. Computing device may receive the messagefrom the user as audio input via microphone 243.

CMM 228 may determine a probability that the user intends to send aresponse message to the first origination source (530). The probabilitythe user intends to send a response message to the first originationsource may be based on an explicit command and/or contextualinformation. An explicit command may include a statement such as “TellAaron.” Contextual information may include the frequency of messagesexchanged between computing device 210 and the first origination source,the time elapsed since the last message exchanged between computingdevice 210 and the first origination source, or any other type ofcontextual information.

CMM 228 may determine a probability that the user intends to send aresponse message to the second origination source (540). The probabilitythe user intends to send a response message to the second originationsource may be based on an explicit command and/or contextualinformation. An explicit command may include a statement such as “TellJimmy.” Contextual information may include the frequency of messagesexchanged between computing device 210 and the second originationsource, the time elapsed since the last message exchanged betweencomputing device 210 and the second origination source, or any othertype of contextual information.

CMM 228 may determine whether the user intends to send the responsemessage to the first origination source, the second origination source,both the first and second origination sources, or neither originationsource (550). In some examples, CMM 228 may compare the probability thatthe user intends to send a message to the first origination source tothe probability that the user intends to send a message to the secondorigination source, determine which probability is greater, and causecomputing device 210 to send the response message to the originationsource with the higher probability.

In some examples, CMM 228 may compare the probability that the userintends to send the response message to the first origination source toa threshold probability and compare the probability that the userintends to send the message to the second origination source to thethreshold probability. For example, if CMM 228 determines theprobability the user intends to send the response message to the firstorigination source satisfies a threshold probability and the probabilitythat the user intends to send the response message to the secondmessaging device 115 satisfies a threshold probability, CMM 228 maydetermine that that the user intends to send the response message toboth the first and second origination sources. However, if theprobability that the user intends to send a message to a firstorigination source satisfies a threshold probability and the probabilitythat the user intends to send a message to the second origination sourcesatisfies a threshold probability, computing device 210 may output arequest for the user to confirm which origination source should receivethe response message. If the probability that the user intends to sendthe response message to the first origination source does not exceed athreshold probability and the probability that the user intends to sendthe response message to the second messaging device 115 does not exceeda threshold probability, in some examples, computing device 210 mayoutput a request for the user to confirm whether to send a message.Computing device 210 may also output a request for the user to confirmwhich origination source should receive the message.

In some examples, CMM 228 may determine whether the user intends to sendthe response message to the first origination source or the secondorigination source by comparing the probability that the user intends tosend a message to the first origination source to the probability thatthe user intends to send a message to the second origination source, andcomparing the respective probabilities to a threshold probability. Forexample, if the probability that the user intends to send the responsemessage to the first origination source satisfies a thresholdprobability and the probability that the user intends to send theresponse message to the second origination source satisfies a thresholdprobability, CMM 228 may determine that the user intends to send themessage to the origination source associated with the higherprobability.

Computing device 210 may generate, based on the audio input, theresponse message (560). For example, STT module 224 may convert theaudio data to text data indicative of the audio data received from theuser. In some examples, computing device 210 may send at least a portionof the audio data to ISS 160 for speech-to-text processing, such thatISS 160 may generate text data and send the text data to computingdevice 210. CMM 228 may generate a text-based response message based onthe text data.

After computing device 210 generates the response message, computingdevice 210 may send the response message (570). The response message maybe sent to the origination source(s) determined by CMM 228.

Appended to this description is a plurality of claims directed tovarious embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. It will beappreciated that embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may also bewithin the scope of various combinations of said claims, such asdependencies and multiple dependencies therebetween. Therefore, byreference thereto, all such dependencies and multiple dependencies,explicit or otherwise, form a portion of this description.

In one or more examples, the functions described may be implemented inhardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implementedin software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over, as oneor more instructions or code, a computer-readable medium and executed bya hardware-based processing unit. Computer-readable media may includecomputer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible mediumsuch as data storage media, or communication media including any mediumthat facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place toanother, e.g., according to a communication protocol. In this manner,computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangiblecomputer-readable storage media which is non-transitory or (2) acommunication medium such as a signal or carrier wave. Data storagemedia may be any available media that can be accessed by one or morecomputers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, codeand/or data structures for implementation of the techniques described inthis disclosure. A computer program product may include acomputer-readable medium.

By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable storagemedia can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical diskstorage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, flashmemory, or any other medium that can be used to store desired programcode in the form of instructions or data structures and that can beaccessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed acomputer-readable medium. For example, if instructions are transmittedfrom a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable,fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), orwireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then thecoaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wirelesstechnologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in thedefinition of medium. It should be understood, however, thatcomputer-readable storage media and data storage media do not includeconnections, carrier waves, signals, or other transient media, but areinstead directed to non-transient, tangible storage media. Disk anddisc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, opticaldisc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, wheredisks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce dataoptically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be includedwithin the scope of computer-readable media.

Instructions may be executed by one or more processors, such as one ormore digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors,application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmablelogic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logiccircuitry. Accordingly, the term “processor,” as used herein may referto any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable forimplementation of the techniques described herein. In addition, in someaspects, the functionality described herein may be provided withindedicated hardware and/or software modules. Also, the techniques couldbe fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements.

The techniques of this disclosure may be implemented in a wide varietyof devices or apparatuses, including a wireless handset, an integratedcircuit (IC) or a set of ICs (e.g., a chip set). Various components,modules, or units are described in this disclosure to emphasizefunctional aspects of devices configured to perform the disclosedtechniques, but do not necessarily require realization by differenthardware units. Rather, as described above, various units may becombined in a hardware unit or provided by a collection ofinteroperative hardware units, including one or more processors asdescribed above, in conjunction with suitable software and/or firmware.

Various examples have been described. These and other examples arewithin the scope of the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by acomputing device associated with a first user, a message from a deviceassociated with a second user; receiving, by the computing device, anaudio input while the conversation in an active state, wherein, while inthe active state, the computing device does not require a command toreply to the message; determining, by the computing device and based atleast in part on the audio input and contextual information, aprobability that the first user intends to send a response message tothe device associated with the second user, the contextual informationincluding one or more of a frequency of incoming messages from thedevice associated with the second user, a frequency of outgoing messagesto the device associated with the second user, an amount of time thathas elapsed since a most recent message was received from the deviceassociated with the second user, an amount of time that has elapsedsince a most recent response was sent to the device associated with thesecond user; determining whether the probability the first user intendsto send the response message to the device associated with the seconduser satisfies a threshold probability; responsive to determining thatthe probability the first user intends to send the response message tothe device associated with the second user satisfies the thresholdprobability, determining, by the computing device, that the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thesecond user; and responsive to determining that the first user intendsto send the response message to the device associated with the seconduser: generating, by the computing device and based on the audio input,the response message; and sending, by the computing device, the responsemessage to the device associated with the second user.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: responsive to determining that theprobability the first user intends to send the response message to thedevice associated with the second user does not satisfy than thethreshold probability: outputting, by the computing device, a requestfor additional action by the first user; receiving, by the computingdevice and from the first user; a second audio input indicative of thefirst user's intent to send a message; and sending, by the computingdevice and based at least in part on the second audio input, theresponse message to the device associated with the second user.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: prior to receiving the audioinput, receiving, by the computing device, a message from a deviceassociated with a third user; determining, by the computing device andbased at least in part on the audio input and contextual information, aprobability that the first user intends to send the response message tothe device associated with the third user; determining, by the computingdevice and based on the probability that the first user intends to sendthe response message to the device associated with the second user andthe probability that the first user intends to send the response messageto the device associated with the second user, whether the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thesecond user or to the device associated with the third user; andresponsive to determining that the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the third user:generating, by the computing device and based on the audio input, theresponse message; and sending, by the computing device, the responsemessage to the device associated with the third user.
 4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein determining that the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the second user isfurther responsive to determining that the probability the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thesecond user satisfies the threshold probability but the probability thatthe first user intends to send the response message to the deviceassociated with the third user does not satisfy the thresholdprobability, and wherein determining that the first user intends to sendthe response message to the device associated with the third user isfurther responsive to determining that the probability the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thethird user satisfies the threshold probability but the probability thatthe first user intends to send the response message to the deviceassociated with the second user does not satisfy than the thresholdprobability.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining that thefirst user intends to send the response message to the device associatedwith the second user is further responsive to determining that theprobability the first user intends to send the response message to thedevice associated with the second user satisfies the thresholdprobability and is greater than the probability that the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thethird user, and wherein determining that the first user intends to sendthe response message to the device associated with the third user isfurther responsive to determining that the probability the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thethird user satisfies the threshold probability and is greater than theprobability that the first user intends to send the response message tothe device associated with the second user.
 6. The method of claim 1,further comprising: determining, by the computing device, a probabilitythe first user intends to listen to the message from the deviceassociated with the second user; and responsive to determining that theprobability the first user intends to listen to the message from thedevice associated with the second user satisfies a threshold probabilityfor listening to messages: generating, by the computing device and basedon the message from the device associated with the second user; audiodata; and outputting, by the computing device, the audio data.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the probability that the first user intendsto send the response message to the device associated with the seconduser is not based a user command.
 8. A device associated with a firstuser, the device comprising: an audio output device; an audio inputdevice; a communication unit; at least one processor; and a storagedevice that stores a message management module operable by the at leastone processor to: receive, via the communication unit, a message from adevice associated with a second user; receive, via the audio inputdevice, an audio input while the conversation in an active state,wherein, while in the active state, the computing device does notrequire a command to reply to the message; determine, based at least inpart on the audio input and contextual information, a probability thatthe first user intends to send a response message to the deviceassociated with the second user, the contextual information includingone or more of a frequency of incoming messages from the deviceassociated with the second user, a frequency of outgoing messages to thedevice associated with the second user, an amount of time that haselapsed since a most recent message was received from the deviceassociated with the second user, an amount of time that has elapsedsince a most recent response was sent to the device associated with thesecond user; determine whether the probability the first user intends tosend the response message to the device associated with the second usersatisfies a threshold probability; responsive to determining that theprobability the first user intends to send the response message to thedevice associated with the second user satisfies the thresholdprobability, determine, that the first user intends to send the responsemessage to the device associated with the second user; and responsive todetermining that the first user intends to send the response message tothe device associated with the second user: generate, based on the audioinput, the response message; and send, via the communication unit, theresponse message to the device associated with the second user.
 9. Thedevice of claim 8, wherein the message management module is furtheroperable by the at least one processor to: responsive to determiningthat the probability the first user intends to send the response messageto the device associated with the second user does not satisfy thethreshold probability: output, via the audio output device, a requestfor additional action by the first user; receive, via the audio inputdevice; a second audio input indicative of the first user's intent tosend a message; and send, via the communication unit and based at leastin part on the second audio input, the response message to the deviceassociated with the second user.
 10. The device of claim 8, wherein themessage management module is further operable by the at least oneprocessor to: prior to receiving the audio input, receive, via thecommunication unit, a message from a device associated with a thirduser; determine, based at least in part on the audio input andcontextual information, a probability that the first user intends tosend the response message to the device associated with the third userdetermine, based on the probability that the first user intends to sendthe response message to the device associated with the second user andthe probability that the first user intends to send the response messageto the device associated with the third user, whether the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thesecond user or to the device associated with the third user; andresponsive to determining that the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the third user: generate,based on the audio input, the response message; and send, via thecommunication network, the response message to the device associatedwith the third user.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein determiningthat the first user intends to send the response message to the deviceassociated with the second user is further responsive to determiningthat the probability the first user intends to send the response messageto the device associated with the second user satisfies the thresholdprobability but the probability that the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the third user does notsatisfy than the threshold probability, and wherein determining that thefirst user intends to send the response message to the device associatedwith the third user is further responsive to determining that theprobability the first user intends to send the response message to thedevice associated with the third user satisfies the thresholdprobability but the probability that the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the second user does notsatisfy the threshold probability.
 12. The device of claim 10, whereindetermining that the first user intends to send the response message tothe device associated with the second user is further responsive todetermining that the probability the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the second user satisfiesthe threshold probability and is greater than the probability that thefirst user intends to send the response message to the device associatedwith the third user, and wherein determining that the first user intendsto send the response message to the device associated with the thirduser is further responsive to determining that the probability the firstuser intends to send the response message to the device associated withthe third user satisfies the threshold probability and is greater thanthe probability that the first user intends to send the response messageto the device associated with the second user.
 13. The device of claim8, wherein the message management module is further operable by the atleast one processor to: determine a probability the first user intendsto listen to the message from the device associated with the seconduser; and responsive to determining that the probability the first userintends to listen to the message from the device associated with thesecond user satisfies a threshold probability for listening to messages:generate, based on the message from the device associated with thesecond user; audio data; and output, via the audio output device, theaudio data.
 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the probability that thefirst user intends to send the response message to the device associatedwith the second user is not based a user command.
 15. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, whenexecuted, configure one or more processors of a computing systemassociated with a first user to: receive a message from a deviceassociated with a second user; receive an audio input while theconversation in an active state, wherein, while in the active state, thecomputing device does not require a command to reply to the message;determine, based at least in part on the audio input and contextualinformation, a probability that the first user intends to send aresponse message to the device associated with the second user, thecontextual information including one or more of a frequency of incomingmessages from the device associated with the second user, a frequency ofoutgoing messages to the device associated with the second user, anamount of time that has elapsed since a most recent message was receivedfrom the device associated with the second user, an amount of time thathas elapsed since a most recent response was sent to the deviceassociated with the second user; determine whether the probability thefirst user intends to send the response message to the device associatedwith the second user satisfies a threshold probability; responsive todetermining that the probability the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the second user satisfiesthe threshold probability, determine that the first user intends to sendthe response message to the device associated with the second user; andresponsive to determining that the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with the second user:generate, based on the audio input, the response message; and send theresponse message to the device associated with the second user.
 16. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein theinstructions, when executed, further configure the one or moreprocessors to: responsive to determining that the probability the firstuser intends to send the response message to the device associated withthe second user does not satisfy the threshold probability: output arequest for additional action by a user; receive a second audio inputindicative of the first user's intent to send a message; and send, basedat least in part on the second audio input, the response message to thedevice associated with the second user.
 17. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions,when executed, further configure the one or more processors to: prior toreceiving the audio input, receive a message from a device associatedwith a third user; determine, based at least in part on the audio inputand contextual information, a probability that the first user intends tosend the response message to the device associated with a third user;determine, based on the probability that the first user intends to sendthe response message to the device associated with the second user andthe probability that the first user intends to send the response messageto the device associated with a third user, whether the first userintends to send the response message to the device associated with thesecond user or to the device associated with a third user; andresponsive to determining that the first user intends to send theresponse message to the device associated with a third user: generate,based on the audio input, the response message; and send the responsemessage to the device associated with a third user.
 18. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein theinstructions, when executed, further configure the one or moreprocessors to: determine a probability the first user intends to listento the message from the device associated with the second user; andresponsive to determining that the probability the first user intends tolisten to the message from the device associated with the second usersatisfies a threshold probability for listening to messages: generate,based on the message from the device associated with the second user;audio data; and output the audio data.